Diabetic
Diabetic
Diabetes: A chronic disease that affects the way the body's cells receive glucose or the amount of insulin secreted by the pancreas, leading to abnormal rises and falls in blood sugar levels.
Pre-diabetes: A condition that affects people before they develop type 2 diabetes, where the blood sugar level is higher than normal, but not high enough to diagnose diabetes. Its early detection and treatment helps prevent type 2 diabetes.
Types of diabetes:
- 1. Type 1 diabetes: a lack of insulin secretion or no secretion at all due to damage to beta cells in the pancreas, which makes the patient need insulin from an external source.
- 2. Type 2 diabetes: The body’s resistance to the effects of insulin or the beta cells do not produce enough of it.
- 3. Gestational diabetes: A change in blood sugar levels during pregnancy, whether it continues after birth or not.
| معدلات السكر في الدم: | المعدل الطبيعي | ماقبل السكري | المصاب بالسكري |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Fasting
|
Less than 100 mg/dl
|
100-125 mg/dl
|
Higher than 125 mg/dl
|
|
Two hours after meal
|
Less than 140 mg/dl
|
140-199 mg/dl
|
200 mg/dl or higher
|
|
Cumulative sugar
|
Less than 5.7
|
5.7 – 6.4
|
6.5 or higher
|
| ارتفاع السكر في الدم | انخفاض السكر في الدم | |
|---|---|---|
|
the reasons
|
· Not taking medications on time
· Eating a high amount of carbohydrates · Psychological stress (anxiety and tension) |
· Taking a high dose of medication or insulin
· Delaying meals · Playing sports |
|
Symptoms
|
· frequent urination
· Increased thirst · Increased hunger |
Sweating
· Fatigue · Feeling dizzy |
|
Complications
|
· Ketoacidity
· Laketone osmolarity |
· Spasm
· Fainting (diabetic coma in severe cases) |
|
Ambulance
|
· Drink fluids
· Get some rest |
– اذا كان المريض في وعيه – قاعدة (15-15-15)
– شرب 15 جرام من سائل يحتوي على السكر (ماء و سكر,عصير) – تحليل السكر بعد 15 دقيقة – اذا لايزال منخفضا اعد خطوة رقم 1 – اذا وصل للمعدل الطبيعي (15 جرام وجبة خفيفة –كوب حليب او قطعة خبز) – اذا كان المريض فاقدا للوعي , يجب نقله الى المستشفى فورا. |
In all cases, you must consult a doctor to adjust the doses.
Places for insulin/glucagon injections:
- The upper and outer part of the arms
- The front and outer part of the thighs
- The abdominal area is far from the navel
- The upper part of the buttocks (seat)
Things a diabetic patient should do:
- Make sure to measure your blood sugar level - in the morning and two hours after eating
- Make sure to exercise 30 minutes a day
- Do not exercise if your blood sugar is less than 100.
- Follow a healthy diet
- Take the daily need of fluids
- Avoid rapid weight loss
- Carry snacks wherever you go – to regulate blood sugar
- Take good care of your feet and do not neglect the wounds that appear on them
- Place insulin at appropriate temperatures
- Take medications regularly as prescribed by the doctor
- Periodic follow-up with the doctor
- Make sure to visit your eye doctor periodically
